What is Agroforestry? A Beginner’s Guide for UK Landowners

Updated on the 16th of January 2025

Agroforestry might sound like the latest buzzword, but it’s a practice that’s been around for centuries. At its heart, agroforestry is about planting trees alongside crops or livestock to create a symbiotic system where every part works together—like a well-oiled farm machine. Whether you’re running a smallholding or managing a sprawling estate, this guide will help you understand the basics of agroforestry, why it’s making a comeback, and how the UK government’s latest schemes can help you get started.

What is agroforestry?

Agroforestry is the integration of trees with agriculture. Think of it as a mix-and-match approach to land use where trees, crops, and animals work in harmony. It’s not just about planting a few trees here and there; it’s about creating systems that improve productivity, boost biodiversity, and tackle climate challenges.

There are different types of agroforestry systems, including:

• Silvopasture: Trees and livestock grazing together, providing shade for animals and timber or fruit for farmers.
• Alley cropping: Rows of trees planted between crop fields, reducing wind erosion and improving soil health.
• Riparian buffers: Trees along waterways to prevent erosion, filter runoff, and enhance water quality.

Why is agroforestry making a comeback?

Farming in the UK has always been about adapting to the times. With rising input costs, unpredictable weather, and growing pressure to meet environmental targets, farmers need solutions that balance productivity with sustainability. Agroforestry ticks both boxes.

Here’s why:

• It boosts biodiversity: Trees create habitats for birds, bees, and other pollinators, which in turn support your crops.
• It’s a natural shield: Windbreaks, shade, and soil protection all come with a well-placed tree.
• It cuts costs: Healthier soil means less reliance on expensive fertilisers.
• It opens doors to funding: The UK government’s updated Countryside Stewardship (CS) scheme and Sustainable Farming Incentive (SFI) now offer robust support for agroforestry projects.

How does the government support agroforestry?

The latest updates to the Countryside Stewardship scheme have made agroforestry a priority, recognising its potential to address both environmental and economic challenges. Here’s what’s on the table:

• Tree planting grants: Up to £6,800 per hectare to integrate trees into your farming system, whether it’s silvopasture or alley cropping.
• Maintenance payments: Annual grants of £200 per hectare to ensure your young trees thrive.
• Pollinator habitats: Funding to create wildflower margins that support both biodiversity and crop pollination.
• Water management: Grants for riparian buffers and tree belts to protect waterways and reduce erosion.
• Tenant-friendly eligibility: The scheme has expanded to include farmers with short-term leases, making it accessible to more landowners.

These incentives don’t just help the environment—they make financial sense too. By diversifying income streams through timber, fruit, and carbon credits, agroforestry can become a profitable part of your business.

How to get started

Starting an agroforestry project doesn’t have to feel overwhelming. With careful planning and the right resources, you can transform your land while reaping financial and environmental rewards. Here’s a more detailed roadmap to guide you:

1. Evaluate your farm’s potential: Begin by walking your land and observing its natural features. Are there slopes prone to soil erosion? Fields exposed to strong winds? Perhaps areas that are underutilised or prone to waterlogging? Pinpointing these issues will help you identify where trees could make the biggest impact.
2. Define your objectives: Decide what you want to achieve with agroforestry. Is your priority to create shade and shelter for livestock? Boost pollination for crops? Or perhaps develop an additional income stream through timber or fruit production? Having clear goals ensures your project is tailored to your needs.
3. Choose the right agroforestry system: Not all agroforestry setups suit every farm. Silvopasture works wonders for livestock systems, while alley cropping is ideal for arable setups. If water management is a concern, riparian buffers could be your best option. Think about what fits your farm’s layout and your operational goals.
4. Plan your tree species and layout: The type of trees you plant matters. Fast-growing species like poplar can provide quick returns for timber, while fruit-bearing trees such as apple or cherry can offer long-term profitability. Layout is equally crucial; rows, clusters, or scattered trees will depend on your chosen system and objectives.
5. Investigate funding options: The updated Countryside Stewardship scheme offers generous grants, with up to £6,800 per hectare for tree planting and £200 annually per hectare for maintenance. AskGrant can guide you through the application process, helping you maximise your funding opportunities.
6. Consult experts: Reach out to agroforestry specialists, local environmental organisations, or DEFRA advisors to ensure you’re making informed decisions. Many organisations offer free or subsidised consultancy to help you get started.
7. Develop a timeline and budget: Agroforestry is a long-term commitment, so it’s essential to plan your project timeline. Include milestones for planting, maintenance, and expected yields. Similarly, budget for costs such as fencing, saplings, and labour, and factor in grant income to offset expenses.
8. Prepare the land: Before planting, ensure your land is ready. This might involve soil testing, drainage improvements, or even reshaping certain areas to prevent erosion and maximise tree growth potential.
9. Apply for grants: Submit your application through the streamlined CS and SFI platform. Be thorough with maps, descriptions, and justifications for funding. Need help? AskGrant is ready to assist.
10. Plant and maintain: Once your funding is secured, it’s time to get planting. Follow best practices for planting density and spacing. Regular maintenance—like pruning and monitoring for pests—will ensure your agroforestry system thrives.

Starting an agroforestry project might feel like venturing into uncharted territory, but with the right plan, it’s a journey worth taking. Here’s how to get going:

1. Assess your land: Take a walk around your farm. Look for areas prone to erosion, underutilised corners, or spots where livestock could use some shade.
2. Set your goals: Are you looking to boost biodiversity, protect soil, or add a new income stream? Your goals will shape the system you choose.
3. Pick your system: Whether it’s silvopasture, alley cropping, or riparian buffers, choose a setup that aligns with your land and objectives.
4. Explore funding options: With government grants covering thousands per hectare, now is the time to take advantage of the support available. AskGrant can help you navigate the application process and maximise your funding.
5. Work with advisors: From DEFRA advisors to agroforestry specialists, expert guidance can ensure your project gets off to the right start.

The future is rooted in agroforestry

Agroforestry isn’t just about planting trees; it’s about planting the seeds of a more sustainable, profitable future. By integrating trees with crops and livestock, you can boost your farm’s productivity while contributing to the UK’s environmental goals. And with the government’s latest funding making it easier than ever, now is the time to act.

If you’re ready to explore agroforestry, AskGrant is here to help. From understanding funding options to creating a tailored plan for your land, we make the process simple and stress-free. Sign up today and let’s grow something extraordinary together.

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